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1.
Diaeta (B. Aires) ; 40(177)2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1396664

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la fenilcetonuria (PKU) es el error congénito del metabolismo de las proteínas más frecuente. El tratamiento dietético consiste en un plan de alimentación con una ingesta de proteínas naturales restringida, un sustituto proteico libre o de bajo contenido en fenilalanina (Phe) y el aporte de alimentos muy bajos en proteínas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue investigar si es posible aumentar la ingesta de proteína natural (PN) que se indica a los pacientes con PKU manteniendo los dosajes de Phe en sangre en rangos de seguridad. Materiales y método: se buscaron en 6 bases de datos electrónicas artículos publicados. Se identificaron un total de 154 artículos de Pub Med por intervalo de años desde 1999 a 2020. Se eligieron 15 artículos que se adaptaron a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y respondían al objeto de estudio de esta revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: hay varios factores que pueden influenciar la estimación de la tolerancia de Phe como la severidad del fenotipo del paciente, la edad, el rango de seguridad de Phe en sangre, la prescripción de Phe y la adherencia al sustituto proteico. Si los niveles de Phe en sangre se mantienen en forma constante dentro del rango adecuado y por un período determinado, se debería considerar un incremento de la ingesta de Phe. El aumento de la ingesta de PN deberá ser realizado de manera controlada, individual y evaluando en forma constante el impacto en los dosajes de Phe en sangre. Conclusión: optimizar la ingesta de PN ofrece una mejora en la calidad de vida de pacientes con PKU, facilita la capacidad del paciente para socializar y contribuye a una mejor adherencia a la dieta(AU).


Introduction: phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inborn error of protein metabolism. The dietary treatment consists of a diet with a restricted natural protein intake, a free or low phenylalanine (Phe) protein substitute, and the intake of low protein food. The main objective of this work is to analyze if it is possible to increase the natural protein (NP) intake prescribed to PKU patients while maintaining blood Phe dosages within safe range. Materials and method: studies published were searched in 6 electronic data- basis. A total of 154 Pub Med articles were identified by range of years from 1999 to 2020. Fifteen articles which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and responded to the objective of this bibliographic review were chosen. Results: several factors may influence Phe tolerance, such as severity of the patient´s phenotype, age, blood Phe safe range, Phe prescription and adherence to protein substitute. If Phe blood levels remain constantly within safe range and for a certain period, an increase of Phe intake should be considered. Increase of NP intake must be carried out in a controlled manner, individually and constantly evaluating blood Phe levels. Conclusion: optimizing NP intake offers the PKU patient an improvement in quality of life, facilitates the patient´s ability to socialize and contributes to a better adherence to the diet(AU).


Subject(s)
Phenylketonurias , Phenylketonurias/diet therapy , Proteins , Eating , Metabolism
2.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 38: e2018351, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092150

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) mutations in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) from the Newborn Screening Service in Mato Grosso, Midwest Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample consisted of 19 PKU patients diagnosed by newborn screening. Molecular analysis: DNA extraction using the "salting-out" method. Detection of IVS10nt-11G>A, V388M, R261Q, R261X, R252W, and R408W mutations by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Results: Two mutant alleles were identified in four patients (21.1%), one allele in five patients (26.2%), and none in the remaining ten patients (52.6%). A total of 13/38 alleles were detected, corresponding to 34.2% of the PAH alleles present. The most prevalent variant was V388M (13.2% of the alleles), followed by R261Q (10.1%) and IVS10nt-11G>A (7.9%). Three variants (R261X, R252W, and R408W) were not found. The most frequent mutation types were: missense mutation in eight alleles (18.4%) and splicing in four alleles (10.5%). The model proposed by Guldberg to determine a genotype/phenotype correlation was applied to four classical PKU patients with two identified mutations. In three of them, the predicted moderate/moderate or moderate PKU phenotype did not coincide with the actual diagnosis. The prediction coincided with the diagnosis of one classic PKU patient. The estimated incidence of PKU for Mato Grosso, Brazil, was 1:33,342 live births from 2003 to 2015. Conclusion: The only mutations found in the analyzed samples were the IVS10nt-11G>A, V388M, and R261Q. The genotype/phenotype correlation only occurred in four (5.3%) patients.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar mutações da fenilalanina hidroxilase (PAH) em pacientes com PKU (fenilcetonúria) do Serviço de Triagem Neonatal em Mato Grosso. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal. Amostra composta de 19 pacientes com PKU através do exame de triagem neonatal biológica. Análise molecular: a) extração de DNA pela metodologia "salting out". B) detecção de mutações IVS10nt-11G>A, V388M, R261Q, R261X, R252W e R408W pela técnica de polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmento de restrição (RFLP). Resultados: Dois alelos foram identificados em quatro pacientes (21,1%), um alelo em cinco pacientes (26,2%) e nenhum nos dez pacientes restantes (52,6%). Um total de 13/38 alelos foram identificados, correspondendo a 34,2% dos alelos PAH presentes. A variante mais prevalente foi a V388M (13,2% dos alelos), seguida de R261Q (10,1%) e IVS10nt-11G>A (7,9%). Três variantes (R261X, R252W e R408W) não foram encontradas. Os tipos de mutações mais frequentes foram: troca de sentido em oito alelos (18,4%) e emenda em quatro alelos (10,5%). O modelo proposto por Guldberg para determinar uma correlação genótipo/fenótipo foi aplicado para quatro pacientes clássicos de PKU, com duas mutações identificadas. Em três, o fenótipo previsto de PKU moderada/moderada ou moderada não coincidiu com o diagnóstico real. A predição coincidiu com o diagnóstico de um paciente PKU clássico. A incidência de PKU estimada para Mato Grosso, Brasil foi de 1:33.342 nascidos vivos para o período de 2003 a 2015. Conclusões: Foram encontradas apenas as mutações IVS10nt-11G>A, V388M, R261Q nas amostras analisadas. A correlação genótipo/fenótipo ocorreu em quatro (5,3%) pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Phenylalanine Hydroxylase/genetics , Phenylketonurias/genetics , Alternative Splicing , Mutation, Missense , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Brazil , DNA Mutational Analysis/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Neonatal Screening , Alleles , Genotype
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(supl.3): 2-5, set. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040540

ABSTRACT

La fenilcetonuria, también conocida como PKU, es el error congénito más frecuente del metabolismo de los aminoácidos. La forma grave o PKU clásica no tratada, causa una discapacidad intelectual, aunque los programas de detección en el período neonatal, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento evitan la aparición de los síntomas. A pesar de un diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano hemos observado cierta neurotoxicidad en los pacientes con PKU tratados. Analizamos los demás factores implicados, aparte de la toxicidad por las elevadas concentraciones cerebrales de fenilalanina (Phe), se revisan los defectos de síntesis de neurotransmisores, las alteración de la mielinización cerebral, el efecto de la elevación de Phe en los procesos de transporte y distribución de los aminoácidos neutros con una síntesis anómala de proteínas cerebrales, la deficiencia plasmática y cerebral de tirosina, la neurotoxicidad de los metabolitos de Phe, el defecto de la biosíntesis del colesterol o el aumento del estrés oxidativo. Las alteraciones de la sustancia blanca en los pacientes con PKU tienen un papel importante en las manifestaciones neurológicas. El tratamiento de la PKU es para toda la vida y se basa en la reducción del aporte de alimentos que contienen Phe combinado con la administración de una fórmula especial, o en el tratamiento con tetrahidrobiopterina (BH4). Se analizan nuevas opciones terapéuticas.


Phenylketonuria, also known as PKU, is the most frequent congenital inborn error of metabolism. The severe form or classic PKU untreated causes intellectual disability, although with the early detection programs in the neonatal period, diagnosis and treatment prevent the appearance of the symptoms. Despite early diagnosis and treatment we have observed some neurotoxicity in treated PKU patients. We analyzed the factors involved apart from the toxicity due to the high cerebral concentrations of phenylalanine (Phe), the defects of synthesis of neurotransmitters, the alteration of cerebral myelination, the effect of the elevation of Phe in the processes of transport and distribution of neutral amino acids with an abnormal synthesis of brain proteins, plasma and cerebral tyrosine deficiency, the neurotoxicity of Phe metabolites, the defect of cholesterol biosynthesis or the increase of oxidative stress. White matter alterations in early treated PKU patients have an important role in neurological manifestations. The treatment of PKU is for life and is based on the reduction of foods containing Phe combined with the administration of a special formula or tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) treatment. New therapeutic options will be analyzed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Phenylalanine/adverse effects , Phenylketonurias/diagnosis , Phenylketonurias/therapy , Tyrosine/metabolism , Neurons/pathology , Phenylketonurias/physiopathology , Biopterin/analogs & derivatives , Early Diagnosis , Diet Therapy
4.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 69(1): 25-33, mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1022450

ABSTRACT

La fenilcetonuria (PKU) es causada por una actividad deficiente de la enzima fenilalanina hidroxilasa. En los pacientes con esta deficiencia la fenilalanina (Phe) no puede ser convertida en tirosina, aumentando sus niveles en sangre y de otros metabolitos neurotóxicos, provocando un retraso mental irreversible. El tratamiento fundamentalmente se basa en una dieta controlada de Phe. Sin embargo, los alimentos libres o bajos en Phe son escasos. El objetivo de esta investigación es obtener hidrolizados proteicos con bajo contenido de Phe a partir del suero dulce de leche en polvo y harina de E. edulis Triana. El aislado proteico (96,01% proteína cruda) se obtuvo por solubilización y precipitación de las proteínas de la harina, mientras que las proteínas del suero (15,69% proteína cruda) fueron tratadas en su matriz original. Las proteínas del suero y el asilado fueron hidrolizadas enzimáticamente con pepsina y proteasa de Streptomyces griseus. La concentración de Phe se determinó por fluorometría y por HPLC, de lo cual la Phe de las proteínas del suero es liberada una hora antes que las del chachafruto, debido a que las proteínas del suero en parte fueron hidrolizadas en la elaboración del queso. Además, los resultados de la utilización del carbón activados como captor de Phe indican la reducción total del contenido de este aminoácido en los hidrolizados y la reducción de la concentración de otros aminoácidos(AU)


henylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a low activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. In patients with this deficiency, phenylalanine (Phe) cannot be converted to tyrosine, increasing blood levels and other neurotoxic metabolites, causing irreversible mental retardation. The treatment is fundamentally based on a controlled diet of Phe. However, free or low-Phe foods are scarce. The objective of this research is to obtain protein hydrolysates with low Phe content from sweet milk powder and E. edulis Triana flour. The protein isolate (96.01% crude protein) was obtained by solubilization and precipitation of the flour proteins, while the whey proteins (15.69% crude protein) were treated in their original matrix. Serum and asylated proteins were enzymatically hydrolyzed with pepsin and Streptomyces griseus protease. The concentration of Phe was determined by fluorometry and by HPLC, from which the Phe of whey proteins is released one hour earlier than those of chachafruto, due to the fact that the whey proteins were partially hydrolyzed in the elaboration of the cheese. In addition, the results of the use of charcoal activated as Phe captor indicate the total reduction of the content of this amino acid in the hydrolysates and the reduction of the concentration of other amino acids(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Phenylketonurias/pathology , Protein Hydrolysates/analysis , Whey Proteins/administration & dosage , Whey Proteins/biosynthesis , Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases , Nutrition Disorders
5.
Clin. biomed. res ; 39(1): 24-31, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026077

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Redução da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) está associada à Fenilcetonúria (PKU), mas a causa desta associação não é completamente entendida. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ingestão de nutrientes relacionados ao metabolismo ósseo (cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, potássio), e sua associação com a DMO em pacientes com PKU. Métodos: Estudo transversal, observacional. Foram incluídos 15 pacientes (PKU Clássica=8; Leve=7; mediana de idade=16 anos, IQ=15-20), todos em tratamento com dieta restrita em fenilalanina (Phe) e 13 em uso de fórmula metabólica. Foi realizado recordatório alimentar de 24 horas de um dia e demais dados (histórico de fraturas, parâmetros antropométricos, DMO e níveis plasmáticos de Phe, Tyr, cálcio) foram obtidos por revisão de prontuário. Resultados: Nenhum paciente apresentou histórico de fraturas e seis realizavam suplementação de cálcio (alteração prévia da DMO=5; baixa ingestão=1). A mediana dos níveis de Phe foi 11,6 mg/dL (IQ=9,3-13,3). Em relação ao recordatório alimentar, dez indivíduos apresentaram inadequado consumo de carboidratos; 14, de lipídeos; 9, de cálcio; 11, de magnésio; 13, de fósforo; e todos de potássio. A mediana da DMO foi de 0,989 g/cm2 (IQ=0,903-1,069), sendo duas classificadas como reduzidas para idade, ambas de pacientes com PKU Leve que recebiam suplementação de cálcio. Não foi observada correlação entre níveis de Phe, DMO e demais variáveis analisadas. Conclusão: Redução da DMO não foi frequente na amostra, embora ingestão inadequada de cálcio assim o seja. Estudos adicionais são necessários para esclarecer o efeito da Phe e da ingestão dietética sobre o metabolismo ósseo na PKU. (AU)


Introduction: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with phenylketonuria (PKU), but this association is not completely understood. This research aimed to evaluate intake of nutrients related to bone metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium) and its association with BMD in patients with PKU. Methods: In this cross-sectional, observational study, 15 patients with PKU (Classical=8, Mild=7; median age=16 years, IQ=15-20 years) were included, all of them on phenylalanine (Phe) restricted diet and 13 being supplemented with a metabolic formula. A 24-hour dietary recall was performed and remaining data (history of fractures, anthropometric parameters, BMD and plasma Phe, tyrosine and calcium levels) were obtained through medical chart review. Results: No patient had any fractures and six received calcium supplements, five due to previous change in BMD and one due to inadequate nutritional intake. Median Phe level was 11.6 mg/dL (IQ=9.3-13.3). In relation to dietary recall, all individuals had inadequate intake of some nutrient (carbohydrate=10; lipids=14; calcium=9; magnesium=11; phosphorus=13; potassium=15). The median BMD was 0.989 g/cm2 (IQ=0.903-1.069). Two cases were classified as low BMD for age, both in patients with mild PKU receiving calcium supplements. Conclusion: Reduced BMD was not common in this sample, although inadequate calcium intake was frequently reported. Additional studies are needed to clarify the effect of Phe and dietary intake on bone metabolism in patients with PKU.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Phenylketonurias/complications , Phenylketonurias/diet therapy , Bone Density , Densitometry
6.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(2): 170-176, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894120

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives To show the general prevalence and to characterize tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies with hyperphenylalaninemia, identified by the Neonatal Screening Program of the State of Minas Gerais. Methods Descriptive study of patients with BH4 deficiency identified by the Neonatal Screening Program of the State of Minas Gerais. Results The prevalence found was 2.1 for 1,000,000 live births, with a frequency of 1.71% among hyperphenylalaninemias. There were four cases (40%) with 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency, three with GTP cyclohydrolase I - autosomal recessive form deficiency, and three with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency (30% each). Six patients were diagnosed due to clinical suspicion and four cases due to systematic screening in neonatal screening. After the start of the treatment, patients identified by neonatal screening had rapid improvement and improved neuropsychomotor development compared to those diagnosed by the medical history. Conclusions The prevalence of BH4 deficiencies in Minas Gerais was slightly higher than that found in the literature, but the frequency among hyperphenylalaninemias was similar. Although rare, they are severe diseases and, if left untreated, lead to developmental delays, abnormal movements, seizures, and premature death. Early treatment onset (starting before 5 months of age) showed good results in preventing intellectual disability, justifying the screening of these deficiencies in newborns with hyperphenylalaninemia identified at the neonatal screening programs for phenylketonuria.


Resumo Objetivos Apresentar a prevalência geral e caracterizar as deficiências de tetrahidrobiopterina - BH4 - com hiperfenilalaninemia, identificadas pelo Programa de Triagem Neonatal do Estadode Minas Gerais. Métodos Estudo descritivo de pacientes com deficiência de BH4 do Programa de Triagem Neonatal do Estado de Minas Gerais. Resultados A prevalência encontrada foi de 2,1 para 1.000.000 recém-nascidos vivos e a frequência de 1,71%, dentre as hiperfenilalaninemias. Quatro casos (40%) com deficiência de 6-piruvoil-tetrahidropterina sintase, três com deficiência de GTP ciclohidrolase I e três com deficiência de dihidropteridina redutase (30% cada um). Seis pacientes foram diagnosticadospor suspeita clínica e quatro pela pesquisa sistemática na triagem neonatal. Após o início do tratamento, os pacientes identificados pela triagem neonatal tiveram melhora rápida e melhor desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em comparação com aqueles diagnosticados pela história clínica. Conclusões A prevalência das deficiências de BH4 em Minas Gerais foi um pouco maior que a encontrada na literatura, mas a frequência, entre as hiperfenilalaninemias, foi semelhante. Embora raras, são graves e, se não tratadas, levam a atraso de desenvolvimento, movimentos anormais, convulsões e morte precoce. O tratamento precoce (início antes dos 5 meses) mostrou bons resultados na prevenção de deficiência intelectual, justificando a pesquisa dessas deficiências nos recém-nascidos com hiperfenilalaninemia pelos programas de triagem neonatalpara fenilcetonúria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Phenylketonurias/diagnosis , Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases/deficiency , Phenylketonurias/complications , Phenylketonurias/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Neonatal Screening
7.
Rev. ecuat. pediatr ; 19(1): 16-17, enero 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-996422

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La fenilcetonuria (FCU) es un error innato del metabolismo debido a deficiencia hereditaria de la enzima fenilalanina hidroxilasa causando acúmulo de fenilalanina (Phe) en varios tejidos del cuerpo humano, ocasionando retraso global del desarrollo. Existen grandes variaciones en la incidencia de FCU por grupo étnico, observándose que es más frecuente en caucásicos y en nativos amerindios, mientras que una menor incidencia se observa en afroamericanos, mestizos y asiáticos. En general, la incidencia de la FCU en caucásicos es de 1 en 10.000; mientras que en afroamericanos es de 1 en 200.000. Se ha observado que se presenta con mayor frecuencia en personas cuyos antepasados provienen del norte de Europa, en comparación con personas de origen afroamericano, judío o japonés. Caso clínico. Masculino prematuro muy prematuro de 29 semanas de edad gestacional, nace con apgar 7 ­ 8 que posteriormente presenta dificultad respiratoria que se incrementa por lo que fue necesario colocar en ventilación mecánica invasiva con parámetros altos que evolucionan a VAFO; posteriormente se intenta colocar SOG la cual no se logra colocar con facilidad. Paciente con mala evolución respiratoria, acidosis metabólica persistente, no tolera la alimentación a la leche materna, presenta distensión abdominal que lleva a suspender la vía oral por varias ocasiones. A la exploración física paciente presenta hipo actividad marcada posteriormente episodios convulsivos, pupilas normales, piel blanca, dermatitis del pañal; resto normal. Se toma nuevo tamiz haciéndose diagnóstico de FCU clásica, tratándose con formula libre de Phe. Paciente incrementa peso con la alimentación libre Phe, sin embargo, las múltiples complicaciones respiratorias sobre todo llevan a un deceso por proceso séptico asociado. Conclusión. La FCU puede ser diagnosticada tempranamente por tamiz neonatal, realizado de rutina en Ecuador sin embargo los resultados aun siendo tomados como tamizaje tienen un periodo de entrega e 30 días tiempo que puede obscurecer el diagnóstico y ayuda oportuna en ciertos casos. Cabe recalcar que en varias provincias de nuestro país aún no se realiza el tamizaje neonatal, por lo que es muy importante conocer la enfermedad para diagnosticarla previo a que existan complicaciones múltiples.


Introduction. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism due to hereditary deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase causing accumulation of phenylalanine (Phe) in various tissues of the human body, causing global developmental delay. There are large variations in the incidence of FCU by ethnic group, being observed that it is more frequent in Caucasians and Native Amerindians, while a lower incidence is observed in African-Americans, mestizos and Asians. In general, the incidence of FCU in Caucasians is 1 in 10,000; while in African-Americans it is 1 in 200,000. It has been observed that it occurs more frequently in people whose ancestors come from northern Europe, compared to people of African-American, Jewish or Japanese origin. Clinical case. Very premature male of 29 weeks of gestational age, born with apgar 7 - 8 that later presents respiratory difficulty that increases so it was necessary to place in invasive mechanical ventilation with high parameters that evolve to HFOV; subsequently, an attempt is made to place SOG, which can not be easily placed. Patient with bad respiratory evolution, persistent metabolic acidosis, does not tolerate feeding to breast milk, presents abdominal distension that leads to suspend the oral route several times. On physical examination, the patient presented hypo activity, which was subsequently marked by convulsive episodes, normal pupils, white skin, diaper rash; rest normal. A new sieve is taken making a diagnosis of classic FCU, treating with Phe-free formula. Patient increases weight with free feeding Phe nevertheless the multiple respiratory complications mainly lead to a death by associated septic process. Conclusion. The FCU can be diagnosed early by neonatal screening, performed routinely in Ecuador, however, the results even being taken as a screening have a delivery period of 30 days that may obscure the diagnosis and timely help in certain cases. It should be noted that even in several provinces of our country, neonatal screening is still not done, so it is very important to know the disease to diagnose it before there are multiple complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Phenylketonurias , Congenital Abnormalities , Infant, Premature, Diseases
8.
Biosalud ; 17(1): 49-64, ene.-jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-888585

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Las mutaciones del gen PAH generan deficiencia de la enzima fenilalanina hidroxilasa. Su actividad final varía desde una actividad casi nula o indetectable en la fenilcetonuria clásica hasta una actividad residual del 10 al 35% de la normal. Esta alteración corresponde al error innato del metabolismo de los aminoácidos más frecuente, afectando a 1 de cada 10.000 personas. Las diferentes cantidades de fenilalanina en sangre se traducen en un espectro amplio de manifestaciones clínicas que incluyen retraso global del desarrollo, discapacidad intelectual, convulsiones, rasgos autistas y comportamiento agresivo en los casos más graves. El diagnóstico temprano a través de los programas de tamizaje neonatal se considera prioritario pues las intervenciones oportunas evitan el daño del sistema nervioso central. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico en Colombia es tardío, las intervenciones realizadas a partir de ese momento son fútiles pues el deterioro cognitivo es irreparable, por lo tanto es imperativa la realización de pruebas diagnósticas tempranas cuando aún las intervenciones médicas pueden impactar la mejoría clínica del paciente con disminución importante de la morbilidad propia de esta patología, convirtiéndose en una necesidad la ampliación del programa de tamizaje neonatal, el cual estaría amparado bajo la ley colombiana de enfermedades huérfanas.


ABSTRACT Mutations in the PAH gene generate phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme deficiency. Its final activity varies from almost null or undetectable in classical phenylketonuria to a residual activity of 10 to 35% of normal activity. This alteration corresponds to the innate more frequent error of the metabolism of the amino acids, affecting 1 of every 10,000 people. Different amounts of phenylalanine in blood translate into a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations including global developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, autistic traits, and aggressive behavior in the most severe cases. Early diagnosis through neonatal screening programs is considered a priority because timely interventions avoid damage to the central nervous system. Conclusions: The diagnosis in Colombia is belated, the interventions made from that moment are futile because the cognitive deterioration is irreparable. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out early diagnostic tests when medical interventions can still impact the clinical improvement of the patient with an important decrease of the morbidity characteristic of this pathology, making it necessary to expand the neonatal screening program which would be protected under the Colombian law of orphan diseases.

9.
Invest. clín ; 58(3): 274-283, sep. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893541

ABSTRACT

La fenilcetonuria es un error innato del metabolismo, producido por mutaciones en el gen de la fenilalanina hidroxilasa. Se describe el caso de un adolescente de 15 años con diagnóstico tardío de fenilcetonuria, quien presenta retardo mental severo, convulsiones e hipopigmentación. En este estudio se realizó el diagnóstico molecular de fenilcetonuria y se detectó la mutación p.R252W en homocigosis en el gen que codifica para la fenilalanina hidroxilasa. La presencia de esta variante nos permitió inferir la falta de respuesta a la terapia con sapropterina, medicamento que actúa como cofactor de la enzima, por la ausencia de actividad enzimática residual reportada para esta variante. Debido al retraso psicomotor del paciente, se decidió aplicar terapia lúdica y fortalecimiento muscular a través de la intervención fisioterapéutica; sin embargo, no se observó una mejoría permanente al aplicar este tratamiento, motivado por la falta de continuidad.


Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism due to mutations on the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. We described the case of a 15 years old-adolescent with late diagnosis of phenylketonuria, who presents severe mental retardation, convulsions and hypopigmentation. In this study, the molecular diagnosis of phenylketonuria was performed, detecting p.R252W mutation in homozygous state on the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. The presence of this variant allowed us to infer the lack of response to drug therapy with sapropterina which works as an enzyme cofactor, due to the absence of residual enzymatic activity reported for the p.R252W variant. Physical therapy was applied through playful therapy and muscular strengthening, because of the psychomotor retardation present in the patient. The failing in continuing with the physical therapy program stopped the patient´s improvement.

10.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 22(6): 518-524, ago.-sept. 2017. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1048997

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La fenilcetonuria es el error congénito del metabolismo más frecuente y es la primera enfermedad del metabolismo con un tratamiento exitoso que evita la discapacidad intelectual. Tanto en el mundo como en la Argentina la fenilcetonuria inauguró la lista de enfermedades del tamizaje neonatal. La prueba de pesquisa neonatal tiene una relación entre el costo y la eficacia altamente favorable cuando la prueba de pesquisa da un resultado correcto; en caso contrario, esta prueba dejaría de ser eficaz. La fenilcetonuria clásica está causada por la deficiencia de la enzima fenilalanina hidroxilasa, responsable de la conversión de fenilalanina a tirosina. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar pacientes con fenilcetonuria que no han sido diagnosticados por medio de la pesquisa neonatal; también, describir la presentación clínica de la enfermedad y analizar las causas de la falta de diagnóstico y de las potenciales repercusiones para los programas de pesquisa en la Argentina. Antecedentes históricos y de normativas: Se describen brevemente los antecedentes históricos de la fenilcetonuria y de la prueba de tamizaje neonatal. A partir de 1986, por medio de la Ley 23413, se establece la obligatoriedad de realizar la pesquisa neonatal de fenilcetonuria en la República Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Analizamos los pacientes con diagnóstico de fenilcetonuria que se encuentran en seguimiento en el Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan desde 2000 hasta 2015. Hallamos una serie de casos con diagnóstico de fenilcetonuria que no han sido diagnosticados por la prueba de pesquisa neonatal, y los comparamos. Estudiamos las políticas de Salud Pública que reglamentan las pruebas de pesquisa en la Argentina. Resultado y conclusiones: Se identificaron tres pacientes con fenilcetonuria clásica de diagnóstico tardío con discapacidad intelectual. Los tres casos son sujetos oriundos de Neuquén, Argentina, con la prueba de pesquisa informada como "negativa"; en los tres, la muestra fue tomada tempranamente. Para que los programas de pesquisa sean efectivos, en primer lugar deben existir políticas sanitarias unificadas para todas las provincias argentinas, con un sistema de coordinación, formación, educación, evaluación y estadística eficiente. Es fundamental conocer el impacto que causa no detectar a estos pacientes ya que esta revisión demuestra que, ante el fracaso de la prueba de pesquisa neonatal, es posible evitar el resultado de tres personas con discapacidad intelectual, dos de ellas totalmente dependientes de sus familias y del sistema sanitario.


Introduction: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most prevalent disorder caused by an inborn error in aminoacid metabolism and it is the first disease that has a successful treatment that prevents intellectual disabilities. It is the first disorder included in neonatal screening programmes in the world, as it also happens in our country. Furthermore, newborn screening is a highly favorable cost-effective test when the screening test is well done, otherwise the cost effectiveness would be unfavorable. Classical PKU is caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase that catalyses the conversion of the essential amino acid L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine. Objective: To identify patients with PKU who have not been diagnosed by means of newborn screening tests. Description of the clinical presentation of the disease. Analysis of the causes and potential implications for newborn screening programs. Historical antecedents and regulations: The historical background of PKU and of the disease neonatal screening tests are briefly described Since 1986 the National Law #23413 establishes the obligation of performing the Neonatal Screening of phenylketonuria in Argentina. Materials and methods: We analized patients with PKU admitted and followed up in the Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan from 2000 to 2015 We found a case series of patients with phenylketonuria that have not been diagnosed by means of the newborn screening test and we compared them. Analysis of Public Health Care policies and the laws that regulate the screening tests in Argentina. Results and conclusion: Three patients were identified and diagnosed with classic PKU of late diagnosis and presented mental disability. The three cases were from Neuquén province, Argentina. The neonatal screening tests had reported as "negative" and the three samples had been taken early. If the screening programs are to be effective what is needed, in the first place, it is to have uniform health care policies with national coverage with an efficient system of coordination, training, education, evaluation and statistics. It is essential to know the impact that implies not to identify these patients. In this review, we have noticed that the failure of the newborn screening tests resulted in three patients with intellectual disabilities, two of them totally dependent on their families and the health care system.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Phenylalanine Hydroxylase , Phenylketonurias , Public Health , Intellectual Disability , Metabolic Diseases , Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities
11.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(3): 267-273, jun. 2017. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-887323

ABSTRACT

Aunque, con tratamiento precoz, los pacientes con fenilcetonuria pueden presentar niveles de inteligencia normales, es importante optimizar el control dietético para mantener niveles de fenilalanina adecuados y poder desarrollar su potencial intelectual sin alteraciones en sus tareas diarias por déficits en las funciones ejecutivas. Se presenta una serie de 26 pacientes, diagnosticados y tratados precozmente, a quienes se realizó una evaluación psicométrica junto con determinaciones de fenilalanina a lo largo de su vida y en el momento de realización de los tests. Se observa una tendencia a la relación inversa entre el cociente intelectual y la fenilalanina concurrente, la mediana de fenilalanina y el cociente fenilalanina/tirosina, así como una tendencia a la relación negativa entre las funciones ejecutivas y los valores de fenilalanina concurrentes y durante la vida.


Although with early treatment phenylketonuria patients may have average intelligence levels, it is important to optimize the nutritional management to maintain adequate phenylalanine levels, so that patients can develop their intellectual potential free of abnormalities in their daily activities due to deficits of cognitive executive functions. This study presents a series of 26 patients, diagnosed and treated early, who underwent a psychometric evaluation together with phenylalanine determinations along their lives, and at the time of doing the tests. A trend is observed towards a reverse relationship between IQ and concurrent phenylalanine concentration, phenylalanine median and phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio. Likewise, a trend towards a negative relationship is observed between executive functions and concurrent phenylalanine values along patients' lives.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Child , Adolescent , Phenylalanine/blood , Phenylketonurias/blood , Phenylketonurias/therapy , Neuropsychological Tests , Phenylketonurias/psychology , Intelligence Tests
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 14(1): 13-17, jan.-mar. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-13

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar o perfil sociodemográfico e a frequência de abandono de tratamento dos portadores de fenilcetonúria atendidos em um serviço de referência. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, transverso, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, envolvendo todos os prontuários de pacientes fenilcetonúricos, atendidos no Serviço de Referência de Triagem Neonatal do Centro de Saúde-Escola Marco da Universidade do Estado do Pará, até novembro de 2013, com protocolo de autoria própria. RESULTADOS: No total, 36 pacientes compuseram a amostra; 52,77% eram do sexo feminino e 47,23% do sexo masculino. Três quartos não residiam em Belém (75%). Apenas um caso de abandono do tratamento (2,77%) foi confirmado, ou seja, um número ínfimo. Quanto ao diagnóstico da doença, 80,55% foram precoces. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil sociodemográfico traçado no atendimento do Centro de Saúde-Escola da Universidade do Estado do Pará foi: uma criança entre zero a 4 anos, do sexo feminino, diagnosticada precocemente, não residente em Belém, com tratamento efetivo, sem intercorrências que a fizessem abandonar o tratamento.


OBJECTIVE: To check the sociodemographic profile and the frequency of treatment abandon of phenylketonuria patients treated at a reference service. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative approach study, involving all records of phenylketonuria patients treated at the neonatal screening reference center of the Marco School Health Center of State University of Pará until November 2013, with own protocol. RESULTS: It was counted 36 pacients, 52.77 % were female and 47.23% male. 3/4 doesn't live in Belém (75%). Only one confirmed case of noncompliance (2.77%), small number, however should be eradicated. Regarding the diagnosis of this disease, 80.55% were early. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 36 patients; 52.77 % were female and 47,23% male. Three of each four patients did not live in Belém (75%). We observed only one confirmed case of noncompliance (2.77%), that is a small number. Regarding the diagnosis of this disease, 80.55% were early. CONCLUSION: The sociodemographic profile in stroke care Centro de Saúde-Escola Marco was a child between zero to 4 years old female diagnosed early, non-resident of Belém, with sporadic and effective treatment without complications that made them to abandon treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Health Profile , Neonatal Screening , Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data , Phenylketonurias
13.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 26(supl. 2): 31-34, 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-882374

ABSTRACT

A fenilcetonúria, doença metabólica hereditária, autossômica recessiva, é a mais frequente das aminoacidopatias. Quando não diagnosticada e tratada precocemente, causa retardo mental grave. Os programas de triagem neonatal transformaram a histó- ria natural dessa doença, possibilitando o diagnóstico neonatal e a instituição imediata do tratamento dietético. Atualmente, os pacientes com controle adequado têm vida normal. Nas últimas décadas, alterações nutricionais têm sido relacionadas ao tratamento dietético e aos seus desvios, especialmente após a primeira década de vida. Neste artigo apresenta-se o caso de um adolescente que desenvolveu anemia megaloblástica por deficiente ingestão de vitamina B12 e uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema.(AU)


Phenylketonuria, inherited metabolic disease, autosomal recessive, is the most common of aminoacidopathies. If not diagnosed and treated early, causes severe mental retardation. The newborn screening programs have transformed the natural history of this disease, allowing the neonatal diagnosis and the immediate institution of dietary treatment. Currently, patients with adequate control have normal life. In recent decades, nutritional changes have been related to dietary treatment and its deviations, especially after the first decade of life. In this article we present the case of a teenager who developed megaloblastic anemia due to poor intake of vitamin B12 and a literature review on the topic(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Phenylketonurias/diet therapy , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency , Anemia, Megaloblastic/complications , Phenylalanine , Phenylketonurias/complications , Nutrition Therapy , Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/complications
14.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 20(5): 1607-1616, maio 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-747208

ABSTRACT

Treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) includes the use of a metabolic formula which should be provided free of charge by the Unified Health System (SUS). This retrospective, observational study sought to characterize judicial channels to obtain PKU treatment in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Lawsuits filed between 2001- 2010 and having as beneficiaries PKU patients requesting treatment for the disease were included. Of 20 lawsuits filed, corresponding to 16.8% of RS patients with PKU, 19 were retrieved for analysis. Of these, only two sought to obtain therapies other than metabolic formula. In all the other 17 cases, prior treatment requests had been granted by the State Department of Health. Defendants included the State (n = 19), the Union (n = 1), and municipalities (n = 4). In 18/19 cases, the courts ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. Violation of the right to health and discontinuation of State-provided treatment were the main reasons for judicial recourse. Unlike other genetic diseases, patients with PKU seek legal remedy to obtain a product already covered by the national pharmaceutical assistance policy, suggesting that management failures are a driving factor for judicialization in Brazil.


O tratamento da fenilcetonúria (PKU) inclui o uso de uma fórmula metabólica (FM) fornecida sem custos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o uso da via judicial para obter tratamento para PKU no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, através de um estudo retrospectivo e observacional, analisando ações judiciais. Foram incluídas ações judiciais arquivadas entre 2001-2010 que possuíam como beneficiários indivíduos com PKU solicitando alguma forma de tratamento para PKU. Foram localizados 20 casos, correspondendo a 16,8% dos pacientes com PKU no RS, sendo 19 obtidos para análise. Somente dois procuravam obter outras terapias que a FM. Nos outros 17 casos, uma solicitação de tratamento anterior fora concedida pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde. Os réus incluem o Estado (n = 19), União (n = 1) e municípios (n = 4). Em 18/19 casos, os tribunais decidiram a favor dos demandantes. Violação do direito à saúde e interrupção do tratamento prestado pelo Estado foram os principais motivos para recorrer aos tribunais. Diferente de outras doenças genéticas, os pacientes com PKU buscam o meio jurídico para obter um produto já incluso na política de assistência farmacêutica nacional, sugerindo que falhas de gestão são um dos fatores desencadeantes da judicialização no país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Young Adult , Phenylketonurias/drug therapy , Health Services Accessibility/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Retrospective Studies
15.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 91(1): 98-103, Jan-Feb/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741573

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify markers of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 58 PKU patients (ages of 4-15 years): 29 patients with excess weight, and 29 with normal weight. The biochemical variables assessed were phenylalanine (phe), total cholesterol, HDL-c, triglycerides, glucose, and basal insulin. The patients had Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) and waist circumference assessed. RESULTS: No inter-group difference was found for phe. Overweight patients had higher levels of triglycerides, basal insulin, and HOMA, but lower concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, when compared to the eutrophic patients. Total cholesterol/HDL-c was significantly higher in the overweight group. A positive correlation between basal insulin level and HOMA with waist circumference was found only in the overweight group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that patients with PKU and excess weight are potentially vulnerable to the development of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct clinical and laboratory monitoring, aiming to prevent metabolic changes, as well as excessive weight gain and its consequences, particularly cardiovascular risk. .


OBJETIVO: Determinar marcadores bioquímicos da síndrome metabólica em pacientes com PKU. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados dois grupos de pacientes com PKU, de quatro a 15 anos, com excesso de peso (29) e eutróficos (29). As variáveis bioquímicas avaliadas foram fenilalanina (phe), colesterol total, HDL-c, triglicérides, glicose e insulina basal. Foi determinado o Homa e mensurada a circunferência da cintura. RESULTADOS: As concentrações de phe, de colesterol total e de glicose foram equivalentes entre os grupos. Os pacientes com excesso de peso apresentaram maiores concentrações de triglicérides, de insulina basal, maiores valores da determinação do Homa, menores concentrações de HDL colesterol e valores mais elevados da relação do colesterol total/HDL-c. Houve correlação positiva entre a dosagem de insulina basal e do Homa com a circunferência da cintura nos pacientes do grupo com excesso de peso. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que pacientes com PKU e excesso de peso são potencialmente vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica. Há, portanto, necessidade de acompanhamento clínico-laboratorial que previna as alterações metabólicas, o ganho excessivo de peso e as suas consequências, em especial o risco cardiovascular. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Phenylalanine/blood , Phenylketonurias/complications , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cholesterol/blood , Insulin/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Overweight/blood , Overweight/complications , Phenylketonurias/blood , Phenylketonurias/diet therapy , Risk Factors , Triglycerides/blood
16.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2015. 84 f p. il.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-905437

ABSTRACT

A Espectrometria de Massa em Tandem (MS/MS) é mundialmente considerada padrão ouro para a Triagem Neonatal (TN) de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo (IEM). Além de apresentar melhor sensibilidade e especificidade possibilita rastrear uma vasta gama de IEM usando um único teste. Atualmente o Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN) rastreia cinco doenças (Fenilcetonúria, Hipotiroidismo Congênito, Fibrose Cística, Hemoglobinopatias e Deficiência da Biotinidase). Uma das metas do PNTN é o aprimoramento e a incorporação de novas doenças e/ou tecnologias. Com a recente recomendação da CONITEC (Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias) para aquisição do MS/MS para diagnóstico de doenças raras, vislumbra-se o incremento desta tecnologia para ampliação de doenças triadas, melhora da qualidade do teste diagnóstico, corroborando para melhorar qualidade de vida das crianças acometidas pelos EIM. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise de custo efetividade, para incorporação da tecnologia de tandem MS/MS na triagem neonatal, sob a perspectiva do SUS. Desta maneira buscou-se comparar diferentes cenários da TN com a tecnologia atualmente utilizada (Fluorimetria) somente para Fenilcetonúria (PKU), e com MS/MS para rastreio da PKU e da Deficiência de Cadeia Média Acyl-Coenzima Desidrogenase (MCAD). Para tanto construiu-se um modelo matemático de decisão baseados em cadeias de Markov que simulou a TN da PKU e da MCAD, bem como a história natural da MCAD. Foi acompanhada uma coorte hipotética de cem mil recém-nascidos. O horizonte temporal adotado foi a expectativa de vida da população brasileira de 78 anos de acordo com IBGE. Utilizou-se uma taxa de desconto de 5% para os custos e consequências clínicas para ambos os cenários propostos. Quando incorporado o MS/MS para triagem da PKU os ganhos em saúde continuaram os mesmos, pois o desempenho do MS/MS e da Fluorimetria foram praticamente iguais (efetividade), porém o custo incremental foi quatro vezes maior para a mesma efetividade, o que torna o MS/MS somente para PKU não custo efetiva (dominada). No entanto, quando analisado o cenário do MS/MS para triagem da PKU e da MCAD o custo incremental do MS/MS no PNTN foi menor por causa da economia feita uma vez que é possível realizar ambos os testes no mesmo o teste do pezinho atual


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Fluorometry , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Screening , Phenylketonurias/diagnostic imaging , Tandem Mass Spectrometry
17.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 85(1): 28-33, mar. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-754200

ABSTRACT

La fenilcetonuria, error congénito del metabolismo, es un trastorno genético que se trasmite con un patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo. Alteraciones en el proceso de hidroxilación de la fenilalanina determinan el aumento de su concentración en plasma, con efecto deletéreo sobre el sistema nervioso. El pronóstico neurológico depende fundamentalmente de un diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano. En Uruguay a partir de 2007 comienza la pesquisa obligatoria de fenilcetonuria. A partir de diciembre del 2008 se utiliza para la detección un espectrómetro de masa, permitiendo, a partir de una misma muestra de sangre de talón, detectar más de veinte enfermedades metabólicas. Aunque bajo, existe un porcentaje de falsos negativos, obligándonos a reiterar la muestra ante sospechas clínicas. Se presenta el caso de un lactante con diagnóstico tardío de fenilcetonuria y síndrome de West secundario, constituyendo un falso negativo en la pesquisa neonatal. El objetivo de esta presentación es enfatizar la importancia de un correcto seguimiento del neurodesarrollo, como parte fundamental del control del niño en salud así como la reiteración de la pesquisa ante la sospecha clínica.


Phenylketonuria, inborn error of metabolism, is a genetic disorder that is transmitted with autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Alterations in the process of hydroxylation of phenylalanine, determine its increase in plasma with deleterious effect on the nervous system. The neurological prognosis depends primarily on diagnosis and early treatment. In Uruguay from 2007 starts the mandatory screening for PKU. From December 2008 is used to detect a mass spectrometer, allowing detect over twenty metabolic diseases with one heel blood sample. Although low, there is a rate of false negative, forcing us to reiterate the sample under clinical suspicion. We report the case of an infant with late diagnosis of phenylketonuria and secondary West, constituting a false negative in neonatal screening. The aim of this presentation is to emphasize the importance of a correct following of neurodevelopmental process as a fundamental part of child health control and the need to reiterate the research under clinical suspicion.

18.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 58(1): 62-67, 02/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-705242

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Phenylketonuria (PKU) was the first inherited metabolic disease known to cause mental retardation for which a newborn screening program (NBS) was developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PKU NBS and the management of cases in the northeastern Brazilian state of Sergipe (SE).Materials and methods: We reviewed the phenylalanine concentrations in filter-paper collected from the heel (PKUneo) of 43,449 newborns; blood concentrations obtained by venipuncture in the subjects with abnormal PKUneo; the children’s age at several phases of the program, the incidence of the disease from January 2007 to June 2008; and metabolic control of the patients.Results: The coverage of NBS/SE was 78.93%. The children’s age was 10 ± 7 days at PKUneo collection. Twelve children were recalled based on the PKUneo cutoff value at 28 ± 13 days. From these, the concentrations of phenylalanine collected by venipuncture were normal in five children. The incidence of hyperphenylalaninemia was 1/43,449, and of PKU was 1/8,690 (5 cases). One suspected subject died. Another death occurred in the cohort, in a confirmed PKU case. PKU treatment began within 51 ± 12 days of life. In the four patients under dietary phenylalanine restriction, metabolic control was often difficult.Conclusions: PKU NBS/SE has satisfactory coverage and adequate cutoff for recalling patients and diagnosis, but the onset of treatment is delayed, and follow-up metabolic control is frequently inadequate.


Objetivos: A fenilcetonúria (PKU) foi a primeira causa metabólica hereditária de retardamento mental para a qual foi desenvolvido um programa de triagem em recém-nascidos (NBS). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do NBS para a PKU e o manejo dos casos em Sergipe (SE), Brasil.Materiais e métodos: Revisamos as concentrações de fenilalanina no filtro de papel coletado do calcanhar (PKUneo) de 43.449 recém-nascidos, suas concentrações de sangue obtidas por punção venosa em indivíduos com PKUneo anormal, a idade das crianças em diversas fases do programa, a incidência da doença no período de janeiro de 2007 a junho de 2008 e o controle metabólico dos pacientes.Resultados: A cobertura da NBS/SE foi de 78,93%. A idade das crianças era de 10 ± 7 dias na coleta de PKUneo. Doze crianças foram reconvocadas com base no ponto de corte de PKUneo aos 28 ± 13 dias de idade. Destas, as concentrações de fenilalanina por venipunctura foram normais em cinco. A incidência da hiperfenilalaninemia foi 1/43.449 e de PKU foi 1/8.690 (5 casos), e um indivíduo suspeito foi a óbito. Outro óbito ocorreu na coorte em um caso de PKU confirmado. O tratamento para a PKU começou com 51 ± 12 dias. Nos quatro pacientes sob restrição de fenilalanina alimentar, o controle metabólico foi frequentemente difícil.Conclusões: PKU NBS/SE apresenta uma cobertura satisfatória e ponto de corte adequado para reconvocação e diagnóstico, mas o início do tratamento é atrasado e o controle no seguimento é frequentemente inadequado.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Neonatal Screening/standards , Program Evaluation , Phenylalanine/blood , Phenylketonurias/diagnosis , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Specimen Collection/methods , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Incidence , Linear Models , Phenylketonurias/epidemiology , Reference Values
19.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Vet ; 54(2): 108-115, dic. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-705449

ABSTRACT

Los errores innatos del metabolismo se definen como trastornos genéticos que ocurren en la estructura y/o función de las moléculas proteicas. Uno de estos trastornos, es la fenilcetonuria (PKU, por sus siglas en inglés), la cual se presenta debido a la alteración en la reacción enzimática de la hidroxilación de fenilalanina (F). El tratamiento de la PKU es básicamente nutricional, por lo cual, en Venezuela, se están evaluando nuevas materias primas con bajo contenido de F, de manera que puedan ser incluidas en dietas de niños fenilcetonúricos. Estas materias primas, deben ser validadas a través de pruebas biológicas in vivo usando animales experimentales, antes de suministralos a los humanos. En el presente estudio se evaluó la harina de plátano Musa paradisíaca (como ingrediente único) como coadyudante en el manejo nutricional de ratones fenilcetonuricos inducidos experimentalmente utilizando un bloqueante de la enzima a-metilfenilalanina a una dosis de 24 µM/10 g peso vivo (PV) y el aminoácido D-fenilalanina a una dosis de 52µM/10 g p.v. Se observó que los ratones presentaron solo una elevación de los niveles de F (P≤0,05) alcanzando una hiperfenilalaninemia leve (4-10mg/dL de sangre) durante la etapa predestete. Sin embargo, al ser sometidos a una alimentación postdestete con la harina de plátano, como única fuente nutritiva, se pudo observar una diferencia en el desarrollo del animal (P≤0,05), evidenciándose un marcado deterioro y desnutrición. Se recomienda realizar estudios adicionales, que incorporen junto con la harina de plátano, un glicomacropéptido que supla los requerimientos mínimos nutricionales de los ratones en crecimiento y mantenga bajo los niveles de F.


Inborn errors of metabolism are defined as genetic disturbances that occur in the structure and/or function of protein molecules. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a good example of this type of disturbance, which is due to an alteration in the enzymatic reaction responsible for phenylalanine (Phe) hydroxylation. Treatment of this disease is basically nutritional. In Venezuela, new raw materials with a low content of Phe are being tested, so that they can be included in the diets of children suffering from PKU. Previous administration to humans, these raw materials should be validated by in vivo biological tests, using laboratory animals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the plantain (Musa paradisíaca) meal, as the only ingredient, in the nutritional management of experimentally induced PKU in laboratory mice, using a-methyphenylalanine, as the agent responsible for blocking phenylalanine hydroxylase, at a dose of 24 µM/10 of body weight (BW). To help blockade, a dose of D-phenylalanine (52 µM/10g of BW), was also administered. The results of the investigation showed that during the pre-weaning stage, mice exhibited a slight elevation in Phe levels that was statistically significant (P≤0.05), reaching a hyperphenylalalinemia level of 4-10 mg/dL of blood. In contrast, when mice were subjected to a post-weaning diet with plantain meal as the only nutritional source, a difference (P≤0.05) in their development could be observed, which evidenced marked deterioration and malnutrition. It is recommended that additional studies be performed that include a glycomacropeptid along with the plantain meal, so that minimum nutritional requirements can be supplied, keeping low levels of Phe in PKU patients.

20.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 85(3): 320-329, jul.-set. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687733

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la fenilcetonuria es el más conocido de todos los errores congénitos del metabolismo. Su detección precoz y una dieta baja en fenilalanina pueden prevenir el retraso mental en los pacientes. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto del programa de prevención precoz de fenilcetonuria en la provincia de Holguín, en el periodo de enero de 1986 a octubre de 2012. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en los niños atendidos en la consulta de fenilcetonuria del Hospital Pediátrico de Holguín. El universo estuvo constituido por los 12 pacientes con el diagnóstico de fenilcetonuria. La información se obtuvo a través de las historias clínicas. Se evaluó el control metabólico mediante los valores de fenilalanina sérica registrados en las historias clínicas, el estado nutricional se valoró mediante las tasas de percentiles establecidas en Cuba y el coeficiente intelectual se analizó mediante test psicométricos. Resultados: el 66,6 por ciento(8 de los pacientes) presentó un control metabólico bueno, y 7 para un 58,3 por ciento un intelecto normal. De los pacientes diagnosticados antes de 1986, 3 presentan un retardo mental ligero (42,9 por ciento) y el 28,6 por ciento está incapacitado (2). El 100 por ciento de los diagnosticados por programa presentan un intelecto normal y 5 no presentan síntomas. Estudian 4 para un 80 por ciento. El 83,3 por ciento de los pacientes estudiados son eutróficos (10). Conclusiones: el programa de diagnóstico precoz ha permitido que el estado de salud de los pacientes fenilcetonúricos mejore en cuantía significativa, con una estabilidad en el control metabólico y una integración apreciable a la sociedad


Introduction: phenylketonuria is the most recognized congenital metabolic error. Its early detection and low phwnylalanine diet can prevent mental retardation in these patients. Objective: to evaluate the impact of the early phenylketonuria prevention program in Holguin province from January 1986 to October 2012. Methods: a retrospective descriptive study was made in children who were assisted at the phenylketonuria department of pediatric hospital in Holguin province. The universe of study was 12 patients diagnosed with phenylketonuria. The medical histories provided the necessary information. The metabolic control was evaluated through the serum phanylalanin figures recorded in the medical history, the nutritional status was assessed according to the percentile rates set in Cuba and the intellect coefficient was analyzed with psychometric tests. Results: in this group, 66.6 percent (8 patients) presented good metabolic control and 58.3 percent (7) showed normal intellect. Of the patients diagnosed with the disease before 1986, three (42.9 percent ) suffered mild mental retardation and two (28.6 percent) were disabled. All the patients diagnosed by this program showed normal intellect and 5 had no symptoms. Four were studying for 80 percent. Of the studied patients, 83.3 percent (10) were eutrophic. Conclusions: the early diagnosis program has allowed the significant improvement of the health status of the phenylketonuric patients, with stable metabolic control and noticeable integration to the society


Subject(s)
Phenylalanine/metabolism , Phenylalanine , Phenylketonurias/metabolism , Phenylketonurias/prevention & control
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